Bshs/382 Research and Statistics Dq’s

hebdomad 1 DQ 1 1. Voluntary bear of the participant is absolutely essential. The subject must be capable of giving consent with knocked out(p) coercion, and full debt instrument for obtaining consent rests with the principal investigator. 2. The investigate must be designed to bring forth results that result turn a profit society and that tin cannot be obtained in any other manner. 3. Human experimentation should be based on animal query results as well as knowledge of the natural course of events, disease, or problems. 4. every(prenominal) unnecessary mental or physical ruin should be avoided. 5. When there is reason to believe that shoemakers last or disabling reproach whitethorn occur, no experiment should be conducted except, perhaps, when the experimenting physicians also serve as subjects. 6. The degree of risk should never exceed the homoitarian importance of the problem to be solved. 7. All management should be taken to protect subjects from even remote possibil ities of injury or death. 8. Only qualified force out should be drop by the waysideed to conduct experiments.The principal investigator must be ready to terminate the experiment at any stage if it appears that injury or death will result. Research Techniques for the Health Sciences, Fourth adaptation Chapter 4 Considering Ethics in Research Explain deuce basic principles for gracio use up treatment of human subjects in inquiry. Drawing on the course readings or a current news program item, extend an cause of a study in which ethical principles were not followed. How force study design gather in been improve in that case?The two basic principles for human treatment of human subjects in look for approximately significant to me atomic number 18, making sure all precaution is taken to protect subjects from even remote possibilities of injury or death, and allowing the subject to withdraw from the experiment at any time if a point is reached that whitethorn bring astir(pr edicate) physical or mental harm. It is important that we do not use human beings in search as crash dummies, as if they are simply replaceable after harm and injury.It is only right to take all precautions and allow the human subject to change their mind almost participating in the research. Ethical principles were not followed in the Tuskegee Syphilis Study found in our text. The human subjects were not fully aware of the study, and the purpose of the research was more so the subjects could die and they could perform an autopsy. workweek 1 DQ 2 What are the advantages of apply a mixed method approach to research? What are the challenges? Provide an pillowcase of how you have utilise (or, in the future, could use) this approach in your professional role.The strength of the research 2) Use of multiple methods in a research helps to research a process or a problem from all sides 3) Usage of diverse approaches helps to focus on a single process and confirms the entropy accur acy. A mixed research complements a result from one type of research with another one. This research does not miss any available data. The aim of a mixed method design is to summarise positive aspects of two approaches and produce a highly accurate data.When you use some(prenominal) methods in your research process, so you can use the strength of every type of information collection and minimize the worn down points of every of both approaches. A mixed method approach of gathering and evaluation can fracturement the validity and accuracy of the information. The advantages of using a mixed method approach to research are having several different outcomes in the process of your research. What this does is allows the researcher to use the strengths from the information collected and minimize the weaknesses from the information collected. exploitation a mixed method approach can ultimately increase the accuracy and validity of the information. The challenges of using a mixed metho d approach will be that the time of researching will be extended. Extending the time of research could definitely be a challenge if there is a time frame to comment results in. Depending on the purpose of the research, using a mixed method approach can be a waist of time. An example of using the mixed method approach was when I wanted to explore (qualitative objective) wherefore people shop on-line.I conducted open-ended interviews (qualitative data collection) asking people why they shop on-line, and then I quantified the results by counting the number of times each type of response occurred (quantitative data analysis). hebdomad 2 DQ 1 What is the remainder between reliability and validity? Imagine that you are going to develop a new instrument for research in your field, using course readings, provide specific examples of how you might go about establishing its reliability and validity. (Make sure to cover at least one approach for find out reliability and one for determining validity. Reliability is, roughly, whether you could replicate an experiment and sterilize comparable results either because an individuals responses are consistent (for example, their reaction times in a rill are consistent when the test is carried out again), or the commonplace overall results are consistent (for example, the average score on a test is the same or similar when carried out again on a comparable group) hardihood is whether the frame you are using really times what you are using it to measure.For example, if you devised a test to measure peoples self-esteem, does it really measure self-esteem, or something similar such as extraversion? Reliability refers to the ability to perform the same experiment and get the same results. Validity refers to the accuracy of those results. You could perform the same experiment many times and get the same results, unless they may not be correct (if the experiment is flawed for example). This would be reliable, but not valid . Conversely, you could perform an experiment that yields accurate results once, but not when it is repeated.This would be accurate (one time anyway), but not reliable. Reliability is the consistency of the degree to which an instrument measures the same way each time it is used under the same condition with the same subjects in short, it is replicating an experiment and acquire comparable results. For example, a instant test measuring reaction time showing the same reaction times as the set-back test. Reliability is all about the ability to perform the same experiment and get the same results. Validity is whether the construct you are using really measures what you are using it to measure.It is essentially the strength of our conclusions, inferences or propositions. For example, a test measuring peoples confidence, does it really measure confidence, or something similar such as faith in something? Week 2 DQ 2 What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of keep abreast res earch? Provide an example of scan research findings that were recently published in the news. First, briefly summarize the study design and findings. Second, based on what we have read about survey research, provide critical feedback on this studys design or develop what additional information you would need to make a critical assessment of this study.Strengths 9. Surveys are relatively flashy (especially self-administered surveys). 10. Surveys are useful in describing the characteristics of a capacious macrocosm. No other method of expression can provide this general capability. 11. They can be administered from remote locations using mail, email or telephone. 12. Consequently, very large samples are feasible, making the results statistically significant even when analyzing multiple variables. 13. Many questions can be asked about a given up topic giving considerable flexibility to the analysis. 14.There is flexibilty at the creation figure in deciding how the questions will be administered as face-to-face interviews, by telephone, as group administered pen or oral survey, or by electonic call backs. 15. Standardized questions make measurement more precise by enforcing uniform definitions upon the participants. 16. Standardization ensures that similar data can be collected from groups then interpreted comparatively (between-group study). 17. Usually, high reliability is easy to obtainby presenting all subjects with a standardized stimulus, observer subjectivity is greatly eliminated.Weaknesses * A methodology relying on standardization forces the researcher to develop questions general enough to be minimally appropriate for all respondents, possibly missing what is most appropriate to many respondents. * Surveys are set in that they require the initial study design (the tool and administration of the tool) to remain unchanged passim the data collection. * The researcher must ensure that a large number of the selected sample will reply. * It may be hard for participants to recall information or to tell the truth about a arguable question. As opposed to direct observation, survey research (excluding some interview approaches) can seldom get out with context. Advantages of survey research could be cost efficiency since surveys are relatively inexpensive. Surveys are useful in describing the characteristics of a large population and not a lot of other methods of observation can provide this general capability. They can be administered from distant locations. Many questions can be asked about a given topic giving flexibility to the analysis. Disadvantages of survey research could be researchers being forced to develop general questions.Surveys are inflexible because they remain unchanged throughout the data collection. Also, with surveys the researcher must ensure that a large number of the selected sample will reply, otherwise the survey would not be sufficient. In the news there was a survey about homelessness in Santa Cruz County. A count and survey conducted by the coupled Way of Santa Cruz County and the nonprofit research firm Applied Survey Research, and it showed that the homeless population in Santa Cruz County has jumped 22 percent in two years. The survey design was cross-sectional. It asked several questions at one oint in time. The survey collected age, gender, race, and reason for being homeless. http//www. santacruzsentinel. com/opinion/ci_18565125 http//www. phc-santacruz. org/_pdfs/2011%20Santa%20Cruz%20Homeless%20Report%20-%20FINAL. pdf Week 3 DQ 1 How can you avoid persuade when selecting samples for human services research? Imagine that you are going to design a survey that will be administered to consumers/clients in your field (e. g. , nursing home residents, youth mentors, single mothers) how would you go about take from this population in order to generate meaningful data?What might be some of the challenges in ending up with a representative sample? To avoid bias when selectin g samples for human services research a diverse set of individuals should be chosen within the same community. Different ethnicities, different genders, equals different beliefs, backgrounds, and futures. Selecting individuals in this manner should avoid bias. Hypothetically I work for an organization that offers services to young and degenerate girls, especially those who have been to juvenile hall. Schools and juvenile halls if permitted would be great places to begin my sampling.Schools and juvenile halls both have a diverse population where bias could be avoided. The barriers I could see myself running into would be getting the permission to survey the minors in the first place. The biggest barrier would be knowing what girls are considered degenerate or not and who they are specifically to get only their feedback and not girls who are not considered troubled. Week 3 DQ 2 List different measures of variability discussed in the readings and, using your professional field, provi de an example to illustrate the concept.If you were a manager flavour at these measures of variability around some aspect of employee productivity, what may they tell you about an individuals or teams performance? The range is the most obvious measure of dispersion and is the difference between the lowest and highest grades in a dataset. The range is based solely on the two most extreme values within the dataset. The range is simple to compute and is useful when you wish to try the whole of a dataset. The standard deviation indicates how tightly the values in the dataset are bunched around the mean value.The standard deviation is the most vigorous measure of variability because its measuring how every value in the dataset varies from the mean. You must be careful when calculating the standard deviation to consider whether the entire population or a sample is being examined and to use the appropriate formula. If I were a manager looking at these measures of variability around some aspect of employee productivity, the range would point out the highs and the lows of the team performance.This would allow me to know my teams strength and weakness, and then I would be able to work on ways to minimum the weaknesses in performance. Week 4 DQ 1 Based on the textbook readings, nominate the third variable problem as it relates to correlation and provide an example of how you might see this vie out in your own field. Week 4 DQ 2 How does hypothesis testing contribute to the scientific knowledge base? Based on the textbooks descriptions of hypothesis testing, provide an example of how you might implement this in your work. othesis is an edjucated cipher an it is some times the closest we can get to the trueth of things we do not to that degree understand Scientists use a scientific method to investigate phenomena and acquire knowledge. They base the method on verifiable observation i. e. , on empirical evidence rather than on pure logic or supposition and on the p rinciples of reasoning. 1 2 Scientists propose explanations called hypotheses for their observed phenomena, and perform experiments to determine whether the results accord with (support) the hypotheses or falsify them.They also formulate theories that report whole domains of inquiry, and which bind supported hypotheses together into logically coherent wholes. They refer to theories sometimes as models, which commonly have a mathematical or computational basis. 3 4 determining the focus and direction of the research, it forces researcher to defer the purpose of the activity, determines what variable are being studied and or considered and also it allows to a required operational definition of the variable that are being studied.Hypothesis testing is a must for any someone to successfully test their studies and make sure there are no flaws. Hypothesis is an educated guess an it is some times the closest we can get to the truth on matters that we do not yet understand. Scientist base their method on verifiable observation rather than on logic. Hypothesis testing forces researchers to continue the purpose of the activity while determining what variables need to be studied and also requires operational definition.

Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) Security Essay

IPv4 is an lengthways network model that supports the multicast operation. Multicast operations or communications involve information transfer from one customer in as single transmission to multiple receivers within the network. Moreover, it facilitates the broadcasting of multimedia information homogeneous videos and audio teleconferences. IPv4 utilizes mac addresses and IP addresses to send data packets within and outside the Local Area profit respectively.For security purposes, routers be utilise in the interconnection of multiple networks to map the IP addresses to related MAC addresses. IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses that are divided into octets, each octet separated by a period. This gives different address ranges that are used for different purposes. This protocol establishes the use of group access controls, router trusts and group center trusts.However, since information is macrocosm sent to group users sharing the same address, it becomes challenging to implement encryp tion standards and authentication infrastructures. Although sharing a public key may remedy the situation, it is only successful if the number of receivers is limited (Bachert, 2002). As a result, while some receivers get error-free transmissions other may not even see the data that has been transmitted. network Protocol Security (IPsec) provides a homogeneous security mechanism framework within the IP suite.IPsec offers a security protocols that operate independently from data origin authentication, cryptographic, replay protection and key exchange mechanisms used in protecting explicit applications. To be put into consideration, IPsec depends on the founding of Security Associations (SAs) between the individual(a) hosts involved in sheltered communications. The SAs agree with clear-cut authentication algorithms, security and cryptographic features that the host uses to hard communicate with another host.

Post-Modernist Architecture Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

Post-Modernist Architecture - Coursework ExampleIn postmodern period, which is inherently marked by capitalistic symbolism of faade -the media is speaking in the background of the architecture A very genuine question emerges which requires an investigation has faade manufacture architecture or does the architecture pop off faade. The marriage of facade and architecture to target new consumerism is outstanding phenomenon of the new age and new culture.Chapter 1 Post-Modernist Approach to Architecture and Advertising The post modernism is marked by strong cultural interchange which is reflected in the collective practices in the art, architecture, ordination, politics, ethics and the connectivity. It is a notion of more global expression which desires for ready attention and immediate results. The impact of post modernism is global as its impact is seen and felt not average on one section of society rather the strength of impact is felt on a much wider range including aesthetic s and other dimensions of societies manifested in global sphere. Postmodern architecture referred to a movement, emerging in the 1950s, that reacted against modem architecture, reasserting the importance of decoration, ornament, and expression against the prevailing taste for austere functionalism in capitalistic society(Carrol, 1997)Architecture as an art form is very closely connected with consumerism, which is a vital force which stirs the momentum of the media in the present age of active field which has emerged as media architecture. The marriage of media and architecture has been the saying of the changing society in the last few decades. The force of consumerism is very powerful, in organizing the momentum of architectural expression in the form of construction of buildings. In the present post modern phase of fastidious expression high art architecture has the power to make a bold statement to the world and in some ways can be said to have decease a consumerist commodit y itself. Architecture has become faade in the light of modern consumerism and powerful influence of capitalism. The manipulative power of such consumerism in the trustworthy era is seen to overpower the artistic aspect of the building and the architecture. The new age architecture is not just a reminder of the classic and artistic feature of the olden times but are largely influenced by the images and displays provided in their background for public at large. The production of buildings is largely result of such consumerism and they divert from dynamic structure like Time Square in New York and Allianz Arena in Germany to obtain malls which have the power to attract consumers and serve as a catch. The present day architecture has become as faade, which speaks through images and displays with the objective to communicate with the public and aim at certain impact to instigate and stimulate consumerism. The role of the new postmodern phenomena, the increasing rise of capitalism a nd the dynamic introduction of the consumerism in the backdrop of architectural aesthetic which is dazzled by the illumination lights, messages and giant screens is aimed to hypnotize the consumer into action. The objective is stringently commercial and economic and the outcome is a genre which buys into irrational urges overpowered by the faade, shinning and dazzling high in a higher place as a form of art to

The Effect TV Has on Children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The pith TV Has on Children - Essay ExampleAccording to the Ameri raise Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), kids in the fall in States watch about 4 hours of TV a day.According to the AAP guidelines, children under age 2 should draw no screen clock (TV, DVDs or videotapes, computers, or video games) at all. During the first 2 years, a critical time for brain development, TV can get in the way of exploring, learning, and spending time interacting and playing with parents and others, which help young children, develop the skills they need to grow cognitively, physically, socially, and emotionally.There is no doubt that TV can be an excellent educator and entertainer. But despite its advantages, too much television can be detrimental. Several types of research around the world have shown that children who consistently spend more than 4 hours per day watching TV are more likely to be overweight. In earlier days before the television, children played outdoors more and used their minds to be more creative. Excessive television wake promotes inactivity. Health experts have long linked excessive TV-watching to obesity - a significant health puzzle today. While watching TV, children are inactive and tend to snack which contributes to poor nutrition. Theyre also bombarded with advertising messages that encourage them to eat unhealthy foods such as potato chips and empty-calorie soft drinks that often become preferred snack foods. According to the AAP, children in the United States see 40,000 commercials each year. From junk food and soft drink advertisements, children swing their parents to buy them. This leads to major health problems and is a serious concern around the world (Dowshen and Gavin, 2005).

Sports Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sports - experiment ExampleThe basketball game class focused on t each(prenominal)ing the methods of defense, ball handling, guarding, passing, crack, and offense. These classes provide a wonderful opportunity for the students to learn and develop their physical, mental, and social skills. Physically it helps the students develop stamina, remain physically healthy and active, eon also leading to weight reduction. Overall, extracurricular activities such as outdoor sports provide general health feeler. Sports also help in the development of social skills such as cooperation and teamwork. Task 6 was feel for coding qualitative measures of teaching in the class. I counted how many times the instructor accurately conducted to inform, refine, extend, repeat, and cave in the individual task. I also measured how many students had clearly understood and responded based on terce distinguishable teaching cues and based on the teachers information and demonstrations. At the beginnin g of the class, the teacher defined and described the basketball rules, movements, skills, and techniques. Those learning concepts were easy to understand for most students as they had been playing basketball from a very young age. However, to ensure that all students had a thorough knowledge of all the different individual tasks, the teacher tested their knowledge by asking some random questions. When the teacher put that a student faltered in answering properly, the teacher went through the question again till he was convinced that the student had understood it properly. The introductory game of basketball is basketball relays. The purpose of the game is improvement of dribbling skill while the students run. The teacher divided the class into four teams. Each team instrumentalist was asked to verge up behind the line. The first team fake then dribbled the ball to the assigned line and returned back the ball to the close member of their team. A few players preferred using left turn over dribble or alternating hand dribble which was permitted by the teacher. After the basketball relays was played, the teacher make some changes to the original task content, and manipulated it to reach an advanced condition. The aim was for the students to gain practice in dribbling, passing, and shooting skills in the next assigned task. Moreover, the teacher looked for a variety of variations and responses. He divided the basketball tourist court into nine red boxes by using blue tape prior to starting the class. The players took position each in one box. Only one ball was given to all nine players. Each player was allowed just one chance to shoot into a basket without leaving the assigned box. If a player succeeds in obtaining a score, he or she could leave the box, but if a player failed to do so he would have to pass the ball to the next box player. It worked in a clockwise direction. The next task was to qualitatively seek to develop the previous activity that focus ed on improving the mechanics of basketball skills or tactical aspects of play. All the basketball skills were practiced dribbling, passin

Choose an element and research its properties and uses. You must use Essay

Choose an element and research its properties and drops. You must use at least 2 reliable sources for your information. I do not want a discover of properties it must still be in paragraph format - Essay ExampleMagnesium grass never be found in its natural free state because of its highly reactive character and forms compounds readily such as magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate and magnesium fluoride. The melting spot for magnesium is 1,200F and turns into a gas at 2,025F. It is 1.74 times denser than water (Uttley 2000). Burning of magnesium initiates a bright white light and ignites at 650C (Krebs 2006).Magnesium harbors a variety of helpful functions in the industrial and chemical world. Magnesium due to its bright flame properties is utilise in aerial flares and was used as aerial firebombs during war. Magnesium is considered a good construction metal and is used in aircrafts, piazza and automobile industries. Magnesium is also used in the process of t hermal reduction to produce opposite metals such as zinc, nickel and zirconium. Milk of Magnesia is used as an antacid magnesium in Epsom salts is used as laxatives and for treating laxatives and Epsom salts are also used for tanning leathers (Krebs 2006).Chemistry is not merely the intuition of matter and studying different interactions and energy processes of matter, it also makes use of the knowledge to incorporate it in the mundane life activities for human benefit. The study of different properties of Magnesium and the ability of magnesium to form an array of compounds enables it to be used for a plethora of purposes in the automobile and aircraft industries, pharmacological uses, leather factories, chemical industries and war-related purposes.Krebs, Robert E.The History and engagement of Our Earths Chemical Elements A Reference Guide. Westport, Conn Greenwood Press, 2006. Print. Uttley,

Farewell to manzanar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Farewell to manzanar - experiment ExampleThe familys loyalty was to America. However, Jeannes father was arrested two weeks after Pearl Harbor. When the family moves to Terminal Island with Jeannes brother, Woody, the family realizes how different they are. All of Woodys neighbors nevertheless speak Japanese, non English. This makes the Wakatsukis uncomfortable.When President Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066 on February 19, 1942, the Watatsukis fate was sealed. They were forced to the Manzanar populate in California. This internment camp served to keep Japanese-Americans interred for the term of World War II. The Japanese-American Citizens League helped fig up the Japanese-Americans be sent to the internment camps. Later these types of organizations would be considered inu, or traitors, for helping the military send their bulk to the camps without protest.Manzanar is rattling dusty. Dust covers e genuinelything. Privacy is not as abundant as the dust. In fact, there was n ot any privacy for the internees at Manzanar. Jeannes mother used cardboard boxes to protect herself when using the latrine. The latrine and barracks were also very dirty and unsanitary. The camp kitchen was extremely unsanitary. Contaminated food frequently made the internees sick. This made the camp internees candidates for immunizations. The aged(prenominal) and young alike had to get shots. It was not like even modern day prisons, but lots worse.Manzanar fostered family division. Every adult in the camp had to hold down a job. Jeannes mother was a nutritionist in the camp kitchen. Meals were what the author missed the most. Families could not sit down and share meals. Adults ate at one time, while children ate at another in separate parts of the camp. The camp was very crowded, forcing the Wakatsukis to share a room at first. Despite the close quarters at night, the family was driven by during the day.Before Pearl Harbor, Jeannes father was a proud man. He earned